Norfolk Southern on Tuesday faced harsh criticism from regulators for its decisions immediately after a February 2023 derailment in East Palestine, Ohio.
During an all-day hearing in the town itself, hosted by the National Transportation Safety Board, the harshest criticism focused on the railroad’s advocating for a controlled explosion and burn of five tank cars full of vinyl chloride, a toxic chemical three days after the derailment.
Norfolk Southern told public officials who authorized the controlled burn, known as a vent and burn procedure, that it was the only way to prevent a catastrophic and uncontrolled explosion. But the NTSB staff and board members insisted at the hearing Tuesday that was not the case.
Paul Stancil, an NTSB hazardous materials investigator, said that representatives from Oxy Vinyl, the shipper who owned the five tank cars of vinyl chloride, did not believe the procedure was justified by the facts available at the time. But Stancil said that information was not communicated to the public officials who had to make the final decision.
“Norfolk Southern… compromised the integrity of the vent and burn decision by withholding complete and accurate expert opinion and information from the incident commander,” Stancil said.
“Vent and burn is a seldom-used procedure,” he continued. “(It) should only be used when there is a high probability of catastrophic tank shell failure.” He said that was not the case here, as evidence from the scene showed no evidence that an uncontrolled explosion was likely.
In a statement, Norfolk Southern defended the decision, stating it made the recommendation based on the best available information at the time and that it did not withhold any information.
“The NTSB mischaracterized the basis of the recommendation,” said the railroad’s statement. “Several key factors indicated the strong possibility of a catastrophic, uncontrolled explosion.”
“The vent and burn effectively avoided a potential uncontrolled explosion,” Norfolk said elsewhere in its statement. “There was no loss of life, injuries, or damage to property, and contractors took steps to manage environmental impact.”
NTSB Chair Jennifer Homendy harshly criticized Norfolk’s statement, calling it “insulting” and an attempt to shift blame to the public officials who listened to Norfolk’s recommendation.
The public officials “did absolutely nothing wrong, who did a phenomenal job with the limited information they had in a very chaotic situation,” she said. “It’s disgusting that anyone would say that.”
Previously, Sen. J.D. Vance of Ohio and others had suggested the rail company wanted the controlled burn because that would be faster than draining the cars, which would enable Norfolk Southern to resume operations faster.
Homendy said Tuesday said that Norfolk Southern executives met with board members and argued the NTSB should “put to rest the quote-unquote rumor that Norfolk Southern made the decision to vent and burn in order to move trains.”
“It is not our role to defend Norfolk Southern. We’re here to protect the American people and the traveling public,” she said.
Homendy said that she was “deeply troubled by how NS conducted this investigation,” including delaying or not providing information and said she twice threatened to issue subpoenas to get information. The railroad’s actions during the investigation were, Homendy said, “unprecedented and reprehensible.”
Norfolk Southern said in a statement Tuesday that it “cooperated fully and ethically with the investigation, with full transparency.”
“Our communications with NTSB staff and board members were always motivated by a desire to ensure they had all the relevant information for their independent evaluation and by a shared commitment to advance rail safety,” the company said.
This story has been updated with additional reporting and context.
