March and April are critical months in stopping another Covid-19 surge, CDC director says

The next two months could determine whether the US will experience another surge in coronavirus cases, according to the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

After months of devastation, steep decreases have been reported in Covid-19 cases and hospitalizations. More people are getting vaccinated, and the government on Monday released guidance on safe activities for fully vaccinated people.

But now infection numbers have plateaued at very high levels – with the US averaging 60,000 new cases daily in the past week. Multiple governors have eased safety measures despite health officials’ warnings. Spring break events are kicking off across the country, threatening the potential for further spread of the virus.

Experts project the country is about to see another dangerous Covid-19 spike.

Visitors to the Pearl Brewery use circles marked for social distancing to help battle the COVID-19 virus, Wednesday, March 3, 2021, in San Antonio. Gov. Greg Abbott says Texas is lifting a mask mandate and lifting business capacity limits next week. (AP Photo/Eric Gay)

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“There is so much that’s critical riding on the next two months,” CDC director Dr. Rochelle Walensky told the National League of Cities on Monday. “How quickly we will vaccinate versus whether we will have another surge really relies on what happens in March and April.”

The spike will be fueled by the B.1.1.7 variant, first spotted in the United Kingdom, and will come over the next six to 14 weeks, said Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota.

“Four weeks ago, the B.1.1.7 variant made up about 1 to 4% of the virus that we were seeing in communities across the country. Today, it’s up to 30 to 40%,” Osterholm told NBC’s “Meet the Press” on Sunday. “What we’ve seen in Europe, when we hit that 50% mark, you see cases surge,” he said.

Walensky said she hopes local leaders will do what they can to encourage people to wear masks and keep good physical distance from each other – and advise people to get vaccinated.

Walensky also said the US health system is “frail.”

People gather Saturday on a beach in Miami.

“In the last 10 years, we have seen Ebola, we have seen Zika, we have seen H1N1, and now of course we’ve seen Covid-19,” she said. “We do need a massive bolstering of our public health infrastructure and public health workforce … We saw the manifestation of it being frail in what happened with Covid-19.”

Here’s what we know about the B.1.1.7 variant

While there are multiple variants of coronavirus circulating in the US, experts have been particularly concerned with the highly contagious B.1.1.7 variant’s dangerous potential.

Clearwater beach spring break coronavirus mxp vpx_00000000.jpg

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In mid-January, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned cases of the variant were likely to see “rapid growth in early 2021,” adding it would likely become the predominant variant in the US by this month.

So far, the agency has reported more than 3,000 known cases of the variant across 47 states, Puerto Rico and Washington, DC. About a quarter of those cases are in Florida. But the CDC has said that likely does not represent the total number of such cases in the US – but rather just the ones that have been found by analyzing positive samples, with the help of genomic sequencing.

Infectious diseases specialist and epidemiologist Dr. Celine Gounder told CNN on Sunday she was on an emergency meeting a group of experts held on Christmas Eve to discuss the variant.

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“We’ve been tracking it very closely since then,” she said. “Where it has hit in the UK and now elsewhere in Europe, it has really been catastrophic. It has driven up rates of hospitalizations and deaths and it’s very difficult to control.”

New research shows that in the US, the variant is 59% to 74% more transmissible than the original novel coronavirus. Gounder says cases in the US are “increasing exponentially.”

That’s why it’s crucial for the country to keep pushing to lower Covid-19 infections. Vaccination numbers are still not high enough – and won’t be high enough in several weeks’ time – to help suppress the predicted surge, experts warned.

“This is sort of like we’ve been running this really long marathon, and we’re 100 yards from the finish line and we sit down and we give up,” Gounder said. “We’re almost there, we just need to give ourselves a bit more time to get a larger proportion of the population covered with vaccines.”

‘This is not just about personal choice’

Since the beginning of March, multiple governors announced they were loosening restrictions put in place to help curb the spread of the virus.

On Monday, Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon announced he is removing the statewide mask requirement and allowing restaurants, bars, theaters and gyms to resume normal operations starting March 16.

Gordon pointed to declining numbers of active cases and hospitalizations, as well as the state’s vaccine rollout, as reasons for the changes.

He urged citizens to “continue to take personal responsibility for their actions and stay diligent,” including by wearing masks indoors and observing requests by private businesses.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott announced last week he was lifting the statewide mask mandate and would allow businesses to reopen at 100% capacity, starting Wednesday. Mississippi Gov. Tate Reeves made a similar announcement, saying he was doing away with county mask mandates and capacity limits for businesses.

Gov. Tate Reeves gives his 2021 State of the State Address at the state Capitol in Jackson, Miss., Tuesday, Jan. 26, 2021. Sdw 1785

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On Sunday, Reeves defended his decision, saying that trying to entirely rid the state of Covid-19 cases would be an unrealistic goal, and the numbers officials were concerned about had all decreased.

“We look much more closely from a data standpoint at hospitalizations, number of Mississippians in the ICU, number of Mississippians on ventilators … all of those numbers have plummeted in our state over the last two months,” he told CNN.

Texas Governor Greg Abbott announces the reopening of more Texas businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic at a press conference at the Texas State Capitol in Austin on Monday, May 18, 2020.

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And even without mask mandates, the governor said he recommends and “strongly” encourages residents to wear masks.

Dr. Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School of Public Health, told ABC the responsible thing for states to do is to keep mask mandates in place.

“This is not just about personal choice, right, it’s like if I were to drink and get behind the wheel of a car, it’s not just a personal choice that I’d be putting my life at risk, I’d be putting other people’s lives at risk,” Jha said.

“When you wear a mask you’re not just protecting yourself, you’re protecting people around you,” he added.

Less than 10% of Americans fully vaccinated

Health officials say a more appropriate time for states to begin easing restrictions would be when daily Covid-19 cases are way down – “considerably less” than 10,000, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci – and vaccination numbers are way higher.

So far, more than 60 million Americans have received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine, according to CDC vaccination data.

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More than 31.2 million have received two doses, the data shows. That’s roughly 9.4% of the US population.

That means more people in the United States have been fully vaccinated against Covid-19 than the 29 million confirmed coronavirus infections the country has seen so far during the pandemic, according to the latest data from the CDC.

But officials are hopeful vaccinations will continue ramping up in the coming months with the help of increased supply.

Andy Slavitt, a senior adviser to the White House Covid-19 response team, said on MSNBC on Sunday there will be more than enough vaccines produced for every adult by the end of May. The President also said last week the US will have enough vaccines for every adult American by the end of May – speeding up the administration’s previous goal by two months.

“We’ll have enough vaccines, I think we said for 300 million Americans,” Slavitt said Sunday. “There’s 250 million adults in the country right now, and right now, as we know, most teenagers are not eligible, and younger kids are not eligible, so it’s more than enough for every adult.”

PHILADELPHIA, PA - MARCH 02: A member of the U.S. Armed Forces administers a COVID-19 vaccine at a FEMA community vaccination center on March 2, 2021 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Located at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, the site is being run as a partnership between the city and the federal government. It is part of a nearly $4 billion plan for FEMA to support more than 400 community vaccination centers across the country. (Photo by Mark Makela/Getty Images)

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Slavitt added that vaccines are now going from factories to arms “very, very quickly,” and that the country is getting more efficient at administering the doses.

On Monday, President Joe Biden and Veterans Affairs Secretary Denis McDonough toured the Washington DC VA Medical Center and watched veterans receive their vaccinations.

Biden said that the country is doing “pretty good” at distributing vaccines and said that while the country will reach 100 million doses of vaccine administered soon, officials still need to do a better job of reaching at-risk neighborhoods.

“It’s one thing to have efficiency, and we have to have equity as well,” Biden said.

Guidelines for fully vaccinated people

At the White House Covid-19 response team briefing, Walensky announced guidelines for safe activities by fully vaccinated people.

THORNTON, CO - MARCH 06: Ken Haley receives a dose of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, the newest vaccine approved by the U.S. FDA for emergency use, at an event put on by the Thornton Fire Department on March 6, 2021 in Thornton, Colorado. Colorado entered COVID-19 vaccination Phase 1B.3 on Friday, allowing essential grocery and agriculture workers, people over the age of 60 and people with two or more high-risk conditions to receive a vaccine. (Photo by Michael Ciaglo/Getty Images)

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Her top points were that those people can:

– Visit other vaccinated people indoors without masks or physical distancing.

– Visit indoors with unvaccinated people from a single family without masks or physical distancing, if the unvaccinated people are at low risk for severe disease.

– Skip quarantine and testing if exposed to someone who has Covid-19 but are asymptomatic (but should monitor for symptoms for 14 days).

CNN’s Ralph Ellis, Nadia Kounang, Naomi Thomas, Jen Christensen, Jason Hoffman and Artemis Moshtaghian contributed to this report.