These ‘vaccine hunters’ are getting their shots ahead of schedule by gaming the system

If she’d waited to get vaccinated until it was her “tier’s” turn, Isabela Medina wouldn’t have gotten the Covid-19 vaccine until late summer.

She wasn’t willing to wait.

Medina, a healthy 25-year-old, moved across the country to live with her parents on the East Coast after her work in the film industry dried up. Anxious to return to work safely, Medina decided in mid-January to go “vaccine dumpster diving.”

Though a dumpster, this was not. Rather than dig through a hospital’s garbage for vials, Medina staked out a grocery store pharmacy. She wanted to score a leftover vaccine.

She and a friend arrived in the early afternoon, prepared to wait. A line formed behind them. Hours later, when the day’s appointments were done, pharmacy staff offered up eight leftover vaccines. Medina and her friend gleefully claimed two of them.

“I felt good about it – and better that it didn’t go to waste,” she told CNN.

Medina is what has been described by many on the internet as a “vaccine hunter,” or someone who stalks a pharmacy or vaccination site for leftovers.

These vaccine seekers, spurred by reports of doses being dumped and feeling antsy for the country’s vaccine rollout to pick up the pace, say they want to prevent waste – by getting their shot early.

A healthcare worker prepares a dose of the Moderna Covid-19 vaccination at a drive-thru clinic at the?Richard M. Borchard Regional Fairgrounds in Robstown, Texas, U.S., on Tuesday, Jan. 26, 2021. Hundreds of thousands of Texans will likely get their first doses of the vaccine starting the week of January 25. Photographer: Eddie Seal/Bloomberg via Getty Images

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They see it as a win-win: They get vaccinated and a precious dose of the Covid-19 vaccine doesn’t end up in the trash. But their gain is also a symptom of a lack of coordination in the US vaccination plan – the initial rollout was much slower than expected, delaying President Joe Biden’s plan for “100 million vaccinations in 100 days.”

The lucky – and privileged – few who get vaccinated early assure what they’re doing isn’t wrong, although it certainly feels unfair to those who don’t have the time or resources to “hunt” for their own.

Unsurprisingly, the hunters have been criticized for “jumping the line.” But the hunters argue what they do is more ethical than letting the vaccines expire.

“This might be a good way for people who haven’t been able to get around the logistical nightmare of signing up to just show up and get it,” Medina said.

Vaccine hunting is a ‘fix’ for slow vaccine rollout

By all accounts, the US vaccine rollout so far has been disappointing.

CNN medical analyst Dr. Leana Wen explained, in sobering terms, just how disappointing in a January interview, before Biden was inaugurated.

The current pace is 1.3 million doses per day. At this pace, the US will have reached about 75% of population for herd immunity by summer 2021.

LOUISVILLE, KY - DECEMBER 13: UPS employees move one of two shipping containers containing the first shipments of the Pfizer and BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine a ramp at UPS Worldport in Louisville, Kentucky, on December 13, 2020. The flight originated in Lansing, Michigan. (Photo by Michael Clevenger - Pool/Getty Images)

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And despite the incredibly high demand for vaccines, vaccination sites across the country have reportedly discarded precious doses after they weren’t administered in time. (Both Pfizer and Moderna’s Covid-19 vaccines only last a few hours unrefrigerated – Pfizer’s will expire within two hours, and Moderna’s within 12, after the vials are removed from the fridge.)

To vaccine hunt is to devote hours, possibly days, of your life waiting for a dose of a vaccine that may or may not be available. It’s a crapshoot. You need time, money, connections and luck to succeed. But some say it’s worth the effort involved.

Brad Johnson, a medical student at Tulane University, wanted to make tracking down vaccines a bit easier.

Johnson is the admin of a Facebook group called “NOLA Vaccine Hunters,” where New Orleans residents trade tips and share leads on leftovers.

He said he got the idea after a friend living in Israel told him about Facebook groups in the country where residents inform each other about the pharmacies that had extra doses.

UC Berkeley University Health Services pharmacy director Efren Bose prepares a dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine before administering it to fellow University Health Services staff at Tang Center near UC Berkeley in Berkeley, Calif. Thursday, January 14, 2021. University of Berkeley received their first shipment of vaccine at University Health Services this week and has began the process of administering vaccinations at clinics on Thursdays and Fridays. (Jessica Christian/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)

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“When there’s a surplus of doses about to expire, they ignored the vaccination schema and just offered it to anyone,” he told CNN.

So, about three weeks ago, Johnson made a tool like that for New Orleans. The group now has close to 600 members.

Johnson said he’s heard of a few members successfully tracking down leftover vaccines for themselves or their parents.

The Facebook group is Johnson’s attempt at correcting what he called a “patchwork of chaos” in the US vaccine distribution plan.

People without appointments wait in line for the potential chance to receive a Covid-19 vaccination that would have otherwise been discarded at the Kedren Community Health Center on January 25 in Los Angeles.

The US is projected to reach 514,000 Covid-19 deaths by February 20 – and as of last Sunday, over 20 million vaccines have been administered.

Biden has an ambitious goal of administering “100 million vaccines in 100 days.” Whether he’ll succeed has yet to be seen, considering he’s been in office for less than a month. Some health officials believe his goal is too modest as Covid-19 cases continue to climb unimpeded.

The ethical conundrum of vaccine hunting

Because the vaccine is in such high demand and so difficult to actually get – including for people who are eligible to receive their vaccine – there’s a feeling of injustice when otherwise healthy people get it, even if they aren’t technically stealing doses from people who need them, said Melissa Goldstein, an associate professor at George Washington University’s Milken Institute School of Public Health.

“There’s this sense of unfairness, although we can’t necessarily explain why,” Goldstein, who studies bioethics, told CNN.

There’s no one answer to the question of ethics of early vaccinations, except in a few situations. Take the Hollywood physician who told Variety some of his rich and famous patients attempted to bribe him for an early Covid-19 vaccine, or the Washington state hospital that invited 100 benefactors to sign up for the vaccine regardless of their place in “line.”

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - JANUARY 07: A dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is administered to a staff member at the Ararat Nursing Facility in the Mission Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles on January 7, 2021 in Los Angeles, California. Residents and staff at long term care facilities are on the CDC's highest priority list for vaccinations. While COVID-19 cases in nursing facilities represent just 5 percent of the total cases in California, they account for 35 percent of all Covid deaths in the state. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

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However, what people in those situations did isn’t comparable to what happened last week at a Seattle hospital, where a freezer malfunction meant up to 800 Covid-19 vaccines would be wasted within hours. To keep the doses from expiring, they recruited recipients on social media.

And that situation is different still than that of the “entrepreneurial” vaccine searchers, like Medina and Johnson, who seek out the leftover doses.

“Can we say that entrepreneurialism is an absolute wrong?” Goldstein said. “It’s difficult, because we do have a capitalist and merit-based system. We encourage people to network, be scrappy, persistent, determined in getting what they want.”

There’s privilege, too, in having the time and resources to spend hours scouring for leftover doses, Goldstein said. If only the people who can afford it are able to get vaccinated early, disparities in the rate of who’s getting vaccinated will only become more severe.

Johnson said some members of the Facebook group have even crossed state lines to get vaccinated.

A few traveled to rural towns in Mississippi, where health departments have had trouble disseminating all of their allotted doses because residents are hesitant to take the vaccine, he said.

It’s not an ideal solution, he said. But when “motivated people” are willing to get vaccinated, even if it’s not at the time they were designated by their state, Johnson said he thinks they should do it.

“I am all for getting vaccines into arms and not letting them sit,” he said.

How to make early vaccination equitable

Medina’s vaccine quest played out over three days. She asked CNN not to disclose her location or the pharmacy where she received the vaccine so as not to bombard them with would-be “vaccine hunters.”

There were others like her, spending the better part of the afternoon waiting.

In a TikTok from that day that has since been viewed more than 1.4 million times, she is seen dancing with a clipboard and joyfully calling someone holding her vaccination card, quoting Kamala Harris – “We did it, Joe!”

Her second dose is scheduled for late February.

Medina doesn’t have qualms about her decision – she’s working freelance gigs rather than a full-time job, so she was able to spend the time it took to get her shot.

“I’m really in a privileged position like, socioeconomically, in that I can wait all day for this vaccine,” she said. “Those vaccination centers need to do better job and figure out a way to vaccinate the communities they’re meant to be vaccinating.”

There are some methods, Goldstein said, that could make early vaccinations slightly more equitable.

Grocery store pharmacies could offer leftover vaccine doses to grocery store workers, nearly 40% of whom are Black, Latino or Asian, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Black and Latino Americans, specifically, are being vaccinated at a lower rate than White Americans. And as essential workers who come face-to-face with customers, they need to protect themselves to continue their work.

Some vaccination sites with extra doses about to expire took them to long-term care facilities to vaccinate senior residents and staff there, both populations considered especially vulnerable to Covid-19.

And Biden has already unveiled a detailed Covid-19 strategy to replace the slipshod response under the Trump administration. His plan includes creating vaccination sites in low-income communities.

Johnson’s doing his part, too. After weeks of trying to reach the Louisiana Department of Health, he said he finally got through to them. Now, he said, he’s working with state health officials to better coordinate who receives leftover vaccines in the state.

He’s hoping they can create an official vaccine waiting list that prioritizes health care workers, seniors and essential workers.

For now, though, he supports whoever wants to get a vaccine – as long as they don’t actually jump the line.

CORRECTION: This piece has been updated to correct the current vaccination pace. It is 1.3 million doses per day.