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Dr. Fauci explains why new BA.5 subvariant is concerning
One oddity is how easily people can get infected by someone without symptoms. But there’s a difference between asymptomatic spread and pre-symptomatic spread.
Here’s what you need to know:
Asymptomatic spread is the transmission of the virus by people who do not have symptoms and will never get symptoms from their infection. But those infected carriers could still get others very sick.
Pre-symptomatic spread is the transmission of the virus by people who don’t look or feel sick, but will eventually get symptoms later. They, too, can infect others without knowing it.
Evidence shows that 25% to 45% of infected people likely don’t have symptoms, Fauci told ABC’s “Good Morning America” on Wednesday.
“And we know from epidemiological studies they can transmit to someone who is uninfected even when they’re without symptoms,” said Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
“So to make a statement to say that’s a rare event was not correct.”
And while the public might use the word “asymptomatic” to describe any infected person who doesn’t have symptoms, the bigger concern may be infection from “pre-symptomatic” carriers.
How can I tell if someone is pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic?
You can’t. Both types of carriers look and feel normal, though the pre-symptomatic carriers will get symptoms later.
Studies suggest pre-symptomatic spread is more common than asymptomatic spread.
“Detailed contact tracing from Taiwan as well as the first European transmission chain in Germany suggested that true asymptomatics rarely transmit,” said Babak Javid, a principal investigator at Tsinghua University School of Medicine in Beijing and an infectious disease consultant at Cambridge University Hospitals.
“However, those (and many other) studies have found that paucisymptomatic transmission (meaning they have extremely mild symptoms) can occur, and in particular, in the German study, they found that transmission often appeared to occur before or on the day symptoms first appeared.”
How is it possible to spread coronavirus without symptoms?
“When you speak, sometimes you’ll spit a little bit,” said Anne Rimoin, an epidemiology professor at UCLA’s School of Public Health.
“You’ll rub your nose. You’ll touch your mouth. You’ll rub your eyes. And then you’ll touch other surfaces, and then you will be spreading virus if you are infected and shedding” the virus.
How many people get infected by someone without symptoms?
“These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of (coronavirus) and indicate containment of this virus will be particularly challenging,” researchers wrote.
Many people with coronavirus have no idea they have it – either because they’re asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, or paucisymptomatic.
How can so many people have or spread coronavirus with no symptoms (yet)?
This coronavirus has a lengthy incubation period – the time between when someone gets infected to when they start showing symptoms (if they get symptoms at all).
The flu can also be spread without symptoms, but the incubation time is much shorter – typically one to four days, with symptoms often showing up within two days after infection, the CDC says.
With coronavirus, the incubation period is about three to 14 days, with symptoms typically appearing “within four or five days after exposure,” according to Harvard Medical School.
“We know that a person with COVID-19 may be contagious 48 to 72 hours before starting to experience symptoms,” Harvard experts wrote.
“Emerging research suggests that people may actually be most likely to spread the virus to others during the 48 hours before they start to experience symptoms.”
Are pre-symptomatic carriers more contagious before or after they get symptoms?
“People tend to be the most contagious before they develop symptoms, if they’re going to develop symptoms,” CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta said.
“They call that the pre-symptomatic period. So people tend to have more virus at that point seemingly in their nose, in their mouth. This is even before they get sick. And they can be shedding that virus into the environment.”
If I can’t see who’s pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic, how do I stay safe?
Wearing face masks and keeping a physical distance from others “can help reduce the risk that someone who is infected but not yet contagious may unknowingly infect others,” the Harvard team said.
CNN’s Gisela Crespo, Jacqueline Howard and Michael Nedelman contribute to this report.